Examine individual changes

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and why is this difference growing over time? The evidence is [https://www.reddit.com/r/howto/search?q=limited limited] and we have only partial answers. We know that biological, behavioral and [https://glorynote.com/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9/ اوضاع الجماع] environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each factor is.<br><br>In spite of the amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men today but not previously, has to be due to the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.<br><br>Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men<br>The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.<br><br>This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.<br><br>__S.17__<br>__S.19__<br>The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.<br>We will now examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.<br><br>First, there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.<br><br>Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small, it has increased substantially with time.<br><br>Using the option 'Change country in the chart, confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.